Sports organizations' financial well-being hinges significantly on the income generated from broadcasting rights. Upon the cancellation of sports leagues, what adjustments are needed to the revenue distribution? This paper employs an axiomatic approach to address the posed question. In our analysis, the zero and leg extension operators will hold considerable importance. Through the lens of operators applied to the two focal rules, equal-split and concede-and-divide, we illustrate how several combinations of axioms, reflecting ethical or strategic principles, effectively define the image.
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it exponentially more demanding and expensive for medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to acquire financial resources. Smart supply chain finance, effectively utilizing the network platform, solves the financing challenges experienced by small and medium-sized enterprises in this particular situation. In the progress of smart supply chain finance, certain issues hinder its growth, for example, the inconsistent willingness of SMEs to participate in financing activities, the complexity in identifying the most effective development strategy for platform-based core companies, and the lack of pertinent regulatory guidelines. This study proposes two smart supply chain financial models, the dominant and the cooperative models, in response to the network platform's potential for self-financing lending, particularly for platform-based core enterprises, to effectively resolve the existing problems. This investigation develops two evolutionary game models: a tripartite model encompassing government, platform-based core businesses, and SMEs, and a quadrilateral model including government, financial institutions, platform-based core enterprises, and SMEs. This research investigates the evolution of participant strategies and their stability under different operational models. Subsequently, we investigate the platforms' flexibility to select differing operating styles and the matching governmental supervisory actions. This examination yields several noteworthy deductions. Core businesses without the conditions to construct a highly intelligent platform select a cooperative model; if those conditions are met, the dominant model takes precedence. Strict government oversight is crucial for the sustained growth of smart supply chain finance under the prevailing model. Government policy, specifically concerning tax rates and financial incentives, can govern the reciprocal transformation of the two operative models, allowing for the balanced growth of the dominant and cooperative structures in the market.
Although multi-agent models have proven helpful in exploring various economic and managerial predicaments, and the research outcomes are frequently lauded, all such investigations are ultimately predicated on specific hypothetical scenarios. Annual risk of tuberculosis infection The transition of scenarios to a realm unknown causes the results to lose their correspondence. read more Employing an exploratory computational experiment, this paper addresses the problems arising from social complexity. Individual behavior, marked by irrationality, diversity, and intricacy, interacts within a system exhibiting dynamic, complex, and critical collective behavior. Initially, the groundwork for the computational experiment is laid, subsequently delving into critical issues such as the decision-making processes of individuals within intricate environments, the emergence of collective behavior amidst concurrent conflicts, and the methods of assessing such collective behaviors. Two examples showcase the design of a scientific mechanism to optimize traffic systems and the consequent evolutionary law for giant components in scale-free networks when parameters are perpetually modified. The exploratory computational experiments demonstrate that multi-agent models, incorporating irrational behaviors, dynamically adjusted game radius, and limited memory lengths, provide a more accurate explanation of social issues, yielding more profound conclusions.
Publicly funded healthcare systems and pharmaceutical supply chains often face high costs, prompting a concerted effort by governments and participating companies to identify and implement cost-saving measures. The degradation of imported pharmaceutical products poses a challenge to the supply chains of pharmaceutical companies, as explored in this paper. Presented is a collaborative strategy, specifically addressing the cost reduction needs of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). The technical solution of the cooperative strategy is the formation of a partnership alliance, finalized with an exclusive license contract, between the foreign patent holder of brand drugs and a local manufacturer within the country. The distribution network of the pharmaceutical supply chain sees a considerable reduction in associated costs. Instead, the cooperative strategy's supply chain management methods ensure the practical implementation by dividing the profits fairly among producers, local governments, distributors, and pharmacies. Employing a cooperative game theory contract to set the terms of the license agreement, a profit-sharing model is then applied to allocate the rewards of the collaborative effort among the supply chain members based on the costs each member has incurred. hereditary breast A key finding of this study is a novel integrated framework. It seamlessly integrates logistics network models, valuation techniques, and profit-sharing schemes, encompassing a broader spectrum of real-world complexities compared to fragmented models used in prior research. The proposed strategy, when applied to the thalassemia drug supply chain in Iran, effectively led to a reduction in expenditure and a decrease in the deterioration of the drug. A subsequent study reveals that the cost of acquiring imported medications rises, thereby reducing the market share of the patent holder. Simultaneously, lower financing expenses for the cooperative alliance contribute to the enhanced efficiency of the proposed strategy.
Metropolitan areas' high population density, high-rise structures, and lifestyle alterations have entirely transformed the delivery of postal packages. Postal package recipients are now directed to other locations in place of the ground floor. The delivery of postal packages to the balconies and windows of upper-floor units will, in the meantime, become progressively more commonplace. Consequently, a novel Drone-integrated Vehicle Routing Problem mathematical model, aiming to minimize total delivery time while enabling drone-based postal package delivery at varying altitudes, has been formulated. Furthermore, factors such as wind speed, the weight of the postal parcel, the drone's weight, and other variables in the flight path are used to determine the drone's energy consumption. The developed mathematical model, across multiple instances, is solved using a two-phase algorithm that integrates the nearest-neighbor method with local search optimization procedures. Various small-scale test problems have been formulated and resolved, allowing for a comparative analysis of the heuristic approach's performance relative to the CPLEX solver's outcomes. Ultimately, the proposed model is deployed in a real-world environment to showcase its effectiveness and practical utility, alongside the heuristic method. The results corroborate the model's capability to determine the perfect delivery route plan, specifically when the delivery locations are situated at different heights.
In numerous emerging countries, managing plastic waste effectively is a fundamental challenge that impacts both the environment and public health. Nevertheless, certain companies anticipate that enhanced plastic waste management procedures will result in the generation and accumulation of value, particularly from the standpoint of a circular economic model. The longitudinal research, encompassing 12 organizations, assessed the impact of plastic waste management on the circular economy in Cameroon. Our research suggests that, in Cameroon, plastic waste management for value creation is still in its nascent and rudimentary stages. Overcoming the challenges detailed in the paper is essential to reaching the full value creation and capture stage. Our research culminates in a discussion of the findings, along with a proposal for future research directions.
The supplementary material associated with the online edition is available at 101007/s10479-023-05386-3.
Supplementary material, accessible online at 101007/s10479-023-05386-3, accompanies the digital version.
Optimization models frequently pursue the goal of maximizing total benefit or minimizing total cost. Equity is a crucial component in numerous practical judgments, yet a mathematical formulation of this concept remains elusive. We offer a comprehensive overview of proposed ethical frameworks, specifically including those that balance efficiency and equity considerations. The survey encompasses inequality metrics, Rawlsian maximin and leximax criteria, combined convex measures of equity and effectiveness, alpha fairness and proportional fairness (also known as the Nash bargaining solution), Kalai-Smorodinsky negotiation, and recently introduced utility and fairness thresholds for integrating utilitarian with maximin or leximax frameworks. The paper's analysis includes an examination of group parity metrics, which are prevalent in machine learning. We detail the most practical approach to defining each criterion for use in linear, nonlinear, or mixed-integer programming models. We also examine axiomatic and bargaining-based derivations of fairness criteria from the social choice literature, considering the interpersonal comparability of utilities. Lastly, we incorporate pertinent philosophical and ethical literature where deemed suitable.
Logistics, transportation, and supply-side failures often impede supply chains' capacity to fulfill demand during periods of disruption. Using a data-driven, risk-focused approach, the present study created a model for a flexible supplier network, specifically for personal protective equipment (PPE) like face masks, hand sanitizers, gloves, and face shields, aiming to address supply chain disruptions.